1.   sila keempat Pancasila yang berbunyi: “Kerakyatan yang dipimpin oleh hikmat kebijaksanaan dalam permusyawaratan/perwakilan.”
2.   Alinea keempat Pembukaan UUD 1945 antara lain menyatakan “…maka disusunlah kemerdekaan kebangsaan Indonesia itu dalam suatu Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Indonesia yang terbentuk dalam suatu susunan negara Republik Indonesia yang berkedaulatan rakyat, dengan berdasar kepada Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa, kemanusiaan yang adil dan beradab, persatuan Indonesia, kerakyatan yang dipimpin oleh hikmat kebijaksanaan dalam permusyawaratan/perwakilan, serta dengan mewujudkan suatu keadilan sosial bagi seluruh rakyat Indonesia.”
3.   Pasal 1 ayat (2) “Kedaulatan berada di tangan rakyat dan dilaksanakan menurut Undang-Undang Dasar”
4.   pasal 2 UUD 1945 dijelaskan bahwa “Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat terdiri atas anggota-anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat, Anggota Dewan Perwakilan Daerah yang dipilih melalui pemilihan umum dan diatur lebih lanjut menurut aturan yang ditetapkan dengan undang-undang.”


Kedaulatan sangat terkait dengan keberadaan suatu negara. Kedaulatan adalah kekuasaan yang tertinggi dalam suatu negara. Kedaulatan
merupakan salah satu syarat berdirinya suatu negara. Sebagaimana sudah disinggung di muka, kedaulatan rakyat berarti kekuasaan rakyat. Maksudnya, kekuasaan atas sesuatu berada di tangan rakyat. Dalam konteks ini, kekuasaan atas sesuatu merujuk pada kekuasaan atas negara. Dengan begitu, yang dimaksud adalah kekuasaan atas negara berada di tangan rakyat. Kedaulatan rakyat mengandung konsekuensi bahwa rakyat merupakan pihak pemegang kekuasaan tertinggi dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat, berbangsa, dan bernegara. Sistem yang kita kenal sebagai demokrasi tidak lain dijiwai oleh kedaulatan rakyat. Seperti sudah dibahas pada Bab IV, demokrasi hakikatnya merupakan pemerintahan dari rakyat, oleh rakyat, dan untuk rakyat. Pelaksanaan kedaulatan rakyat dapat dilakukan melalui demokrasi langsung dan demokrasi tidak langsung. Kedaulatan rakyat di Indonesia didasarkan pada sumber-sumber hukum berikut ini:
1. Pancasila sila keempat,
2. Pembukaan UUD 1945 alinea keempat, dan
3. UUD 1945 Pasal 1 Ayat (2).
Tentunya kamu masih ingat isi dan bunyi dari ketiga sumber hukum
yang menyatakan kedaulatan rakyat tersebut, bukan? Coba kamu sebutkan
lagi bunyi dari masing-masing ketiganya. Lakukan hal ini di hadapan salah seorang temanmu secara bergantian. Kedaulatan disyaratkan harus memiliki empat sifat. Jika salah satu dari keempat sifat tersebut hilang, maka kedaulatan itu menjadi kurang bermakna. Keempat sifat kedaulatan tersebut adalah permanen, asli, bulat, dan tidak terbatas.
1.   Permanen (tetap) mengandung pengertian kedaulatan itu tetap ada selama negara itu berdiri. Kedaulatan suatu negara akan hilang jika negaranya telah bubar.
2.  Asli memiliki makna bahwa kedaulatan itu tidak berasal dari kekuasaan lain yang lebih tinggi.
3.  Bulat mengandung pengertian bahwa kedaulatan itu tidak dapat dibagi-bagi lagi. Kedaulatan itu hanya satu-satunya sebagai kekuasaan yang tertinggi.
4.  Tidak terbatas mengandung makna bahwa kedaulatan itu tidak ada yang membatasi. Jika terbatas, maka sifat tertinggi itu akan hilang.
Negara Indonesia selain menganut ajaran kedaulatan rakyat, juga mengakui kedaulatan-kedaulatan yang lain. Kedaulatan lain yang diakui dan juga dijunjung tersebut adalah kedaulatan Tuhan, kedaulatan negara, dan kedaulatan hukum.
1.   Pengakuan akan kedaulatan Tuhan terdapat pada Pancasila sila pertama yang berbunyi, “Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa”, dan Pembukaan UUD 1945 alinea ketiga dengan bunyi, “Atas berkat rahmat Allah Yang Maha Kuasa dan dengan didorongkan oleh keinginan luhur, supaya berkehidupan kebangsaan yang bebas, maka rakyat Indonesia menyatakan dengan ini kemerdekaannya.”
2.  Pengakuan akan kedaulatan negara tercermin di dalam Pembukaan UUD 1945 alinea keempat yang berbunyi, “... Negara Indonesia yang melindungi segenap bangsa Indonesia dan seluruh tumpah darah Indonesia ....”
3.  Pengakuan terhadap kedaulatan hukum tertuang dalam UUD 1945 Pasal 1 Ayat (3) yang berbunyi, “Negara Indonesia adalah negara hukum.”
Menurut teori ini, kekuasaan tertinggi dalam suatu negara terletak di tangan rakyat. Ajaran kedaulatan rakyat bersumber dari ajaran demokrasi yang mempunyai makna pemerintahan dari rakyat, oleh rakyat, dan untuk rakyat. Jadi, penguasa negara adalah rakyat, dan rakyat bertanggung jawab atas pelaksanaan negara dan terwujudnya kesejahteraan, serta keamanan negara.
Negara yang menganut teori kedaulatan rakyat mempunyai ciri-ciri sebagai berikut.
a.   Adanya lembaga perwakilan rakyat, di mana majelis permusyawaratan rakyat mencerminkan kedaulatan rakyat.
b.   Adanya pemilihan umum untuk memilih wakil-wakil rakyat, memilih presiden dan wakil presiden, serta menetapkan keanggotaan Majelis untuk membuat undang-undang dasar atau peraturan lainnya.
c.   Kedaulatan di tangan rakyat dan dilaksanakan menurut Undang-Undang Dasar.
d.   Majelis dipilih melalui pemilihan umum dan diatur lebih lanjut dengan undang-undang.
Sikap Positif terhadap Kedaulatan Rakyat
a.   Keanggotaan MPR yang terdiri atas DPR dan DPD, semuanya dipilih secara langsung oleh rakyat dalam pemilihan umum.
b.   Undang-Undang No. 31 Tahun 2002 tentang Partai Politik memberikan kesempatan kepada warga negara untuk memberikan apresiasi yang bebas untuk menentukan aspirasi politiknya. Dengan UU tersebut pula memungkinkan berdirinya partai politik secara bebas.
c.   UU No. 12 Tahun 2003 tentang Pemilihan Umum memberikan jaminan kepada warga negara untuk menyampaikan aspirasi politiknya dengan langsung, umum, bebas, rahasia, jujur dan adil.
d.   Keanggotaan DPR dan DPRD dipilih secara langsung oleh rakyat, dan peranan DPR dan DPRD semakin dioptimalkan.
e.   Presiden dan wakil presiden untuk pertama kalinya dipilih langsung oleh rakyat merupakan wujud kedaulatan rakyat secara penuh.
f.   Menghindari sikap angkuh, mau menang sendiri, mementingkan diri dan kelompok, adu kekuatan, keras kepala, ekstrem, dan meremehkan orang lain/kelompok. Contohnya, siapa pun yang terpilih sebagai ketua kelas, harus kamu terima dengan lapang dada karena keputusan tersebut adalah hasil dari musyawarah kelas.
g.   Membina dan membiasakan sikap perilaku demokratis, ke keluargaan, musyawarah, saling mengalah, toleransi, dan tenggang rasa. Contohnya, membiasakan diri untuk selalu membantu sesama.
h.   Menggunakan hak pilih dan dipilih dalam pelaksanaan Pemilu. Contohnya, ikut terlibat langsung dalam pelaksanaan Pemilu.
i.     Menjunjung dan menghormati hukum dan pemerintahan Republik Indonesia. Contohnya patuh terhadap kebijakan pemerintah yang tidak bertentangan dengan kepentingan rakyat.
j.     Menumbuhkan semangat nasionalisme, patriotisme, bela negara, dan menghormati kebebasan beragama. Contohnya, ikut terlibat dalam kegiatan yang dapat menumbuhkan semangat patriotisme, seperti upacara bendera dan pramuka.

Jalan Genuk Krajan 15
Semarang 40212
9th August
Dear Miss Titik,
Andra wasn’t at school last week,
because he was ill. He had flu.
Yours sincerely,
Marina Suryaatmaja
Jalan Sriwijaya 2
Semarang 40252
29th July
Dear Miss Titik,
Selina wasn’t at school yesterday,
because she was at the dentist. She had a
toothache.
Yours sincerely,
A. Hasbullah
Jalan Mataram 84
Semarang 40512
10th August
Dear Miss Titik,
Benu wasn’t at school last Friday, because he was
ill. He had a temperature and a sore throat.
Yours sincerely,
Tio Pakusadewo
1.  Who wasn’t at school last week?
Answer:
        A. Hasbullah & Tio Pakusadewo.
2. Was he ill last week?
Answer:
        Tio Pakusadewo
3.What was the matter with him?
Answer:
        Miss Titik
4. Is he ill now?
Answer:
        He had a temperature and a sore throat.
5. Who wrote the letter for Miss Titik?
Answer:
        A. Hasbullah & Tio Pakusadewo.
Dear Grandpa and Grandma,
Yesterday at my school we had an International
day. We had performances, food stalls, displays,
raffle ticket draw, and some of us were dressed in
costumes.
We started our day off with performances but the
one I liked best was the one from fourth grade.
We played games. The performance I was in was
Labamba.
Straight after our performances we had our lunch.
There were food stalls. They came from Australia,
Asia, Arab, and Greece
Everyone had a job. These people were from sixth
grade. I did my job after I had lunch. My job was
to sell International Day Books.
We had displays in the hall. These displays were
good but I didn’t get to see them. The displays
came from a lot of countries.
There was also a Trash and Treasure stall where
they sold toys. The school got these things by
asking the children to bring them in.
(the writer’s
feeling)
Although I didn’t win anything, International Day
was still fun
Love from Sue
Answer these questions
1.     Why did Sue write the letter?
Answer:
          We had performances, food stalls, displays,
raffle ticket draw, and some of us were dressed in
costumes.
2.    To whom did she write the letter?
Answer:
          Dear Grandpa and Grandma,
3.    What did she tell in the letter?
Answer:
          We had performances, food stalls, displays,
raffle ticket draw, and some of us were dressed in
costumes.





Kupang, May 7, 2008
Dear Paula,
Hello Paula, how are you? It’s been a month since I last heard from
you. Well, I just wanted to tell you that I was in a hospital last week.
According to the doctor; I was infected by dengue fever.
At fi rst, I felt my body became weak then I fainted when I was
studying in the classroom. Then, I was taken to the hospital because of
the high fever.
At the hospital, I was brought into the emergency unit. The doctor
immediately gave some treatment. Finally, I had to stay there for one
week. Everyday the doctor kept me on a drip.
At the seventh day, my condition was getting better. After the fi nal
check, the doctor gave me permission to go home. Now, I’m okay and
because of my illness, I am now more careful about keeping in my house
clean especially my room, I don’t want to get the same illness again.
OK, I think that’s all from me, write to me soon ok?
Regards
Nadira
Dear Sylvia,
How’s everything? We just came back from our vacation in
Peru.
It was fantastic.
Machu Picchu is an Inca city in the Andes Mountains.
We took a bus in Aguas Calientes and arrived in Machu Picchu in the morning.
We spent the day there and went to Cuzco in the evening. In Cuzco we hired a Peruvian guide, and we learned a lot about The Inca culture.
Talk to you soon,
Peter and Julie.
By : Mifrah Nurbadri Ramadani


INVITATIONS
POSSIBLE RESPONSES
(a). Would you …
(b). Could you …
(c). Please, come/visit …
(d). You are cordially invited. (written)
Yes. Certainly.
Sure. (informal)
Okay. (informal)
I would love to. (formal)

Example 1. :
{ Expressing
Dear Winda,
I’m having a birthday party at Rose’s Cafe
On Saturday, Sept 6
At 7 pm
You are cordially invited.
Indra
RSVP
{ Response (refusing)
Dear Indra,
Thank you very much for your invitation to your birthday
party at Rose’s CafĂ©.
I would love to come, but I regret to let you know I have to take my little brother to the dentist’s.
Love,
Winda


Snow White
Once upon a time there lived a little, named Snow White. She lived with her aunt and uncle because her parents were died.
One day she heard her aunt and uncle talking about leaving Snow White in the castle because they wanted to go to America and they didn’t have enough money to take Snow White with them.
Snow White didn’t want her uncle and aunt to do this. So she decided to run away. The next morning she run away from home when her aunt and uncle were having breakfast, she run away into the wood.
In the wood she felt very tired and hungry. Then she saw this cottage. She knocked but no one answered so she went inside and felt asleep
Meanwhile seven dwarfs were coming home from work. They went inside. There, they found Snow White woke up. She saw the dwarfs. The dwarfs said; “What is your name?”. Snow White said; “My name is Snow White”. One of the dwarfs said; “If you wish, you may live here with us”. Snow White told the whole story about her. Then Snow white ad the seven dwarfs lived happily ever after.

Orientation
Once upon a time there lived a little girl named Snow White. She lived with her Aunt and Uncle because her parents were dead.
Complication1
One day she heard her Uncle and Aunt talking about leaving Snow White in the castle because they both wanted to go to America and they didn’t have enough money to take Snow White.

Resolution1
Snow White did not want her Uncle and Aunt to do this so she decided it would be best if she ran away. The next morning she ran away from home when her Aunt and Uncle were having breakfast. She ran away into the woods.

Complication2
Then she saw this little cottage. She knocked but no one answered so she went inside and fell asleep.

Resolution2
Meanwhile, the seven dwarfs were coming home from work. They went inside. There they found Snow White sleeping. Then Snow White woke up. She saw the dwarfs. The dwarfs said, “what is your name?” Snow White said, “My name is Snow White.”
 
Doc, one of the dwarfs, said, “If you wish, you may live here with us.” Snow White said, “Oh could I? Thank you.” Then Snow White told the dwarfs the whole story and Snow White and the 7 dwarfs lived happily ever after.
By Mifrah Nurbadri Ramadani

Once upon a time, there was a couple living in a palace. They were Prince Raden Putra and Dewi Limaran. Prince Raden Putra's father was the king of the kingdom.
One day, Dewi Limaran was walking around in the palace garden. Suddenly she saw a snail. It was ugly and disgusting.
"Yuck!" said Dewi Limaran and then she threw it away into a river.
She did not know that the snail was actually an old and powerful witch. She could transform herself into anything. The witch was angry to Dewi Limaran. The witch put a spell on her and changed her into a golden snail. The witch then threw it away into the river.
The golden snail was drifting away in the river and got caught into a net. An old woman was fishing and used her net to catch some fish. She was surprised to see a golden snail in her net. She took it and brought it home. When the old woman woke up in the morning, she was surprised that the house was in the good condition. 
The floor was mopped. And she also had food on the table. She was thinking very hard.

"Who did this to me? The person is very kind." It happened again and again every morning.
The old woman was very curious. One night she decided to stay up late. She was peeping from her room to know who cooked for her. Then, she could not believe what she saw. The golden snail she caught in the river turned into a beautiful woman. The old woman approached her.
"Who are you, young girl?"
"I am Dewi Limaran, Ma'am. A witch cursed me. I can change back as a human only at night," explained Dewi Limaran.
"The spell can be broken if I hear the melody from the holy gamelan," continued Dewi Limaran.
The old woman then rushed to the palace. She talked to Prince Raden Putra about her wife.
Prince Raden Putra was so happy. He had been looking for his wife everywhere.
He then prayed and meditated. He asked the gods to give him the holy gamelan. He wanted to break the witch's spell. After several days praying and meditating, finally gods granted his wish. He immediately brought the holy gamelan to the old woman's house. He played it beautifully. And then amazingly the golden snail turned into the beautiful Dewi Limaran.
The couple was so happy that they could be together again. They also thanked the old woman for her kindness. As a return, they asked her to stay in the palace.
Golden snail
Dewi Galuh Candra Kirana was a princess from the Kingdom of Daha. She was kind and very beautiful. She was enggaged to Raden Inu Kertapati, the Crown Princes of the Kahuripan Kingdom. Raden Inu Kertapati was wise and very handsome.

Galuh Candra Kirana has a step sister named Galuh Ajeng. Galuh Ajeng was jealous of her. She wanted to marry Raden Inu Kertapati. She looked for a way to get rid of Galuh Candra Kirana. Galur Ajeng went to see an old wicth. The old wicth gace her a spell to curse Galur Candra Kirana. Before cursing her stepsister, Galuh Ajeng slandered her. The King of Daha believed her words and threw Galuh Candra Kirana away from the palace.

The poor pricess lived in misery. She wandered to a beach. There she was cursed and turned into a golden snail. As Keong Emas - The Golden Snail, Galuh Candra Kirana was drifted by the waves; At last she was ashore on a foreign land.

Keong Emas crept to a small village named Dadapan. In that village lived old woman named, Nyai Dadapan. The old woman found Keong Emas. This snail is very beautiful, I will keep it,” she said. She bought Keong Emas to her hut. Nyai Dadapan put the snail in a big earthen jug.


One day Nyai Dadapan came home from fishing.

She didn’t catch any fish, but when she arrived at her hut, she was surprised because dinner was ready. There was much delicious food on the table.

“My oh my……there is delicious food. What a coincidence! I am hungry!” Without thinking twice, she ate up the food.

After her dtomach was full, she realized something.

“Who cooked this food?” she said

The next morning she thought, I will pretend to go fishing. But I will hide behind the door and watch. Nyai Dadapan pretended to go. Then, she secretly hid behind the door.

Not long after that, she saw Keong Emas crept out of the big water jug. Suddenly the snail turned into a beautiful girl. The girl cleaned the hut and cooked a delicious food. Nyai Dadapn came out from behind the door.

“Hi…who are you, beautiful girl?’ she asked.

“I…I am the princess of Daha. Galuh Ajeng. My step sister was jealous of me. She asked for a spell from an old witch to curse me so I turned into a golden snail.”

After saying that, the Princess’ body shrank and then she turned into Keong Emas again.

“Galuh Ajeng is very cruel,” said Nyai Dadapan sadly.

She prayed, wishing that Galuh Candra Kirana’s suffering will end soon.

Raden Inu Kertapati heard the news that his fiancee was thrown out from the palace. He carried out an investigation and found out that Galuh Candra Kirana was not guilty. Then the Prince went to see the King of Daha.

At least Galuh Ajeng was punished by the King.

Raden Inu kertapati went searching for his fiancee. After walking for hours, he became thirty. He stopped by at nyai Dadapan’s hut to ask for water.

At moment, the princess was looking out of the window. Raden Inu Kertapati saw her.

“My dear Candra kirana!” he cried happily.vanished.
The meeting was very touching
The princess introduced Nyai Dadapan to her fiancee.
The suffering was over.

Raden Inu Kertapati went back to the palace with Galuh Candra kirana. They asked the goodhearted Nyai Dadapan to come along.

The name of Keong Emas or Golden Snail is now used for Teater Keong Emas in Taman Mini Indonesia Indah.